Learn Japanese

Essential basic words in Japanese for effective communication

Learning a new language can be both exciting and challenging, and mastering basic words is a crucial first step in your journey. In Japanese, a rich vocabulary opens up opportunities for meaningful conversations and cultural understanding. This guide focuses on essential basic words that will help you build a solid foundation in Japanese. Whether you’re just starting or looking to refresh your skills, these words will enhance your ability to communicate confidently in everyday situations.

Greetings and common phrases

basic words in japanese
Basic Japanese phrases
JapaneseRomajiMeaning
こんにちはKonnichiwaHello / Good afternoon
こんばんはKonbanwaGood evening
おはようございますOhayou gozaimasuGood morning
おやすみなさいOyasumi nasaiGood night
ありがとうございますArigatou gozaimasuThank you
すみませんSumimasenExcuse me / I’m sorry
お願いしますOnegaishimasuPlease
どういたしましてDou itashimashiteYou’re welcome
はいHaiYes
いいえIieNo

These are the most basic and common Japanese phrases for greetings. Mastering these phrases will help you confidently greet others, make a good first impression, and start conversations smoothly. You can learn more common greeting phrases in MochiKanji’s conversation course.

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Essential travel words

MeaningJapaneseRomajiExample & translation
Where is…?:~はどこですか?~ wa doko desu ka?トイレはどこですか? (Toire wa doko desu ka?) – Where is the restroom?
How much is this?:これはいくらですか?Kore wa ikura desu ka?このリンゴはいくらですか? (Kono ringo wa, ikura desu ka?) – How much is this apple?
Help!:助けて!Tasukete!助けて!迷子になりました。 (Tasukete! Maigo ni narimashita.) – Help! I’m lost.
I don’t understand:わかりませんWakarimasenわかりません、英語が話せますか? (Wakarimasen, eigo ga hanasemasu ka?) – I don’t understand, do you speak English?

Basic words for everyday objects

JapaneseRomajiMeaning
ペンPenPen
HonBook
椅子IsuChair
テーブルTeeburuTable
時計TokeiClock / Watch
電話DenwaTelephone
MadoWindow
ドアDoaDoor
ソファSofaSofa
電気DenkiLight
冷蔵庫ReizoukoRefrigerator
洗濯機SentakukiWashing Machine
掃除機SoujikiVacuum Cleaner
カーテンKaatenCurtain
KagamiMirror

Numbers

JapaneseRomajiMeaning
ichi1
ni2
san3
shi/yon4
go5
roku6
shichi/nana7
hachi8
kyuu/ku9
juu10
二十nijuu20
三十sanjuu30
四十yonjuu40
五十gojuu50
六十rokujuu60
七十nanajuu70
八十hachijuu80
九十kyuujuu90
hyaku100

Are you ready to master counting in Japanese? Click here to explore our comprehensive lesson on numbers at MochiKanji: 


Colors

basic words in japanese
Colors in Japanese
JapaneseRomajiMeaning
akaRed
aoBlue
黄色kiiroYellow
midoriGreen
kuroBlack
shiroWhite
murasakiPurple
オレンジorenjiOrange
茶色chairoBrown
灰色haiiroGray
ピンクpinkuPink
金色kiniroGold

Food and drink

JapaneseRomajiMeaning
ご飯 (ごはん)GohanMeal
パンPanBread
水 (みず)MizuWater
お茶 (おちゃ)OchaTea
牛乳 (ぎゅうにゅう)GyuunyuuMilk
りんごRingoApple
肉 (にく)NikuMeat
魚 (さかな)SakanaFish
野菜 (やさい)YasaiVegetable
果物 (くだもの)KudamonoFruit
アイスクリームAisukuriimuIce cream
寿司 (すし)SushiSushi
ケーキKeekiCake
ビールBiiruBeer

Using MochiKanji’s flashcard feature is an effective way to learn vocabulary related to food and drink. You can practice the word “cake,” which is ケーキ (keeki) in Japanese. The flashcards help reinforce your memory by repeatedly exposing you to these terms in different contexts, making it easier to recall them when you encounter them in real life.

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Family and people

basic words in japanese
Family – Basic words in Japanese
JapaneseRomajiMeaning
家族kazokuFamily
chichiFather
hahaMother
aniOlder Brother
aneOlder Sister
otoutoYounger Brother
imoutoYounger Sister
祖父sofuGrandfather
祖母soboGrandmother
ottoHusband
tsumaWife
息子musukoSon
musumeDaughter
両親ryoushinParents
兄弟kyoudaiSiblings
親戚shinsekiRelative
友達tomodachiFriend
同僚douryouColleague
先生senseiTeacher
学生gakuseiStudent

Conclusion

To effectively build your Japanese vocabulary from beginner to advanced levels, using a comprehensive tool can make a significant difference.

MochiKanji offers vocabulary organized by levels from N5 to N2 and other courses that suit every individual needs, categorized by topics and sample lessons, complete with images,audio and example sentences. With Japanese words or phrases not included in MochiKanji’s course, you can look them up in the J-Dictionary and save them in the digital notebook, then review them at Golden Time that’s based on the spaced repetition. Give it a try!

As you explore these essential basic words in Japanese, remember that practice is key to effective communication. Incorporate these terms into your daily conversations, and you’ll quickly gain confidence in your language skills. With a solid grasp of basic vocabulary, you’ll be well-equipped to engage with others and enjoy the beauty of the Japanese language.

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